The Genre of Southern Gothic in A Good Man Is Hard to...

â€Å"When you cross the sweeping drama of romance with the macabre isolation of small town life-and then throw in a touch of Southern whimsy-you’ve cooked up a collection of American literature absolutely unique in time, place, and sentiment, Southern gothic.† Southern gothic comes from the genre of gothic fiction, and has some type of supernatural or unusual events in it. It is characterized as having a grotesque quality yet still having enough good in it to keep readers interested. The short story, â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find† by Mary Flannery O’Connor, is often considered a perfect example of Southern gothic writing. In â€Å"A Good Man is Hard to Find†, O’Connor has characters typical of Southern gothic. Characters in this genre are†¦show more content†¦He questions himself and his religious beliefs, only truly believing what he sees. â€Å"‘I wasn’t there so I can’t say He didn’t’ Th e Misfit said. ‘I wish I had of been there,’ he said hitting the ground with his fist. ‘It ain’t right I wasn’t there because if I had been there I would of known.† (O’Connor 1041) The Misfit finds a lesson in all of his actions and is consistent in his morality, unlike the grandmother. He commits crimes, though does so believing that they are right and they do not matter. The main characters all come in contact with one another when the grandmother and her family are driving for a vacation in Florida, they get in a car accident and encounter the Misfit. They live in Georgia and the day before they left the grandmother was reading about the Misfit and trying to talk the family into going to Tennessee instead so that they would not chance being around him. The grandmother really wants to go to Tennessee to see her friends, but the dramatic irony of them actually meeting the Misfit and the situation they get in, is another typical ch aracteristic of Southern writing. The situational irony of the grandmother becoming a good, enlightened person after the short conversation she has with the Misfit in the story also shows how it is in the genre of southern gothic. She reaches out to him, after realizing that she is a sinner, and tries to redeem herself. She dies with a smile on her face because she becameShow MoreRelatedGothic Literature : The Southern Gothic Fiction1476 Words   |  6 Pagescharacters combined with southern charm and the ever-present gender divide to tell stories that represent a writing style known as southern gothic literature. â€Å"Southern Gothic is a subgenre of Gothic fiction unique to American literature that takes place exclusively in the American South. Elements of a Gothic treatment of the South were apparent in the 19th century, ante- and post-bellum, in the grotesques of Henry Clay Lewis and the de-idealized visions of Mark Twain.[3] The genre came together, howeverRead MoreAnaly sis Of The Poem Southern Gothic 1566 Words   |  7 PagesMyszkowski English 1102 17 April 2016 Southern Gothic Literature In the 19th century, the Southern Gothic genre quickly became popular after Edgar Allen Poe poems in the 18th century. Most writings were formed around the Civil War era, which plays an enormous part in the tone and setting in Southern Gothic writing styles. (O’Connell 63) Southern Gothic writing elements consist of â€Å"horror, romance and psychological and domestic dramas† (63). The setting of Southern Gothic was always dingy and dark whichRead MoreSouthern Gothic Literature And Deranged Characters Essay1357 Words   |  6 PagesSouthern Gothic Literature and Deranged Characters â€Å"Southern Gothic Literature is a genre that focuses on grotesque themes that involve troubled and deranged main characters, while sometimes including elements found from the supernatural† (study.com P1). The following short stories had authors that played a tremendous role in the southern gothic literature genre, and inspired many authors to follow their style. From necrophilia to serial killers, southern gothic literature is a genre that is to beRead MoreA Good Man By Flannery O Connor874 Words   |  4 PagesLife Gothic genres are often characterized by themes including hypocrisy, death, racism, among others. The plainspoken, comic- cartoon-ish, blunt, and obvious short story writer, Flannery O’Connor, in her short story â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† bring about the perfect example of Gothic fiction. The story is about an escaped mentally-ill criminal dubbed The Misfit- who crossed path with a fatal family. The main characters, The Grandmother, June Star, The Misfit and even Bailey among othersRead MoreCharacteristics Of Southern Gothic Literature1694 Words   |  7 PagesJordan Cole English 1102 Professor Myszkowski 1 December 2017 Southern Gothic Literature Throughout the course of history, literature has gone through considerable changes. Dating back to its humble beginnings in folklore, fables, and storytelling all the way up to the scientific books and dramatic novels of today. Literature is arguably the centerpiece of all mankind. It is useful for record keeping, education, and bringing cultures and societies together. It has allowed us to expand our mindsRead MoreGothic Fiction Genre in Tell Tale Heart by Edgar Allen Poe and Flannery O’ Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find571 Words   |  2 Pages–â€Å"Tell Tale Heart† by Edgar Allen Poe The Gothic fiction genre has been known for its gory and gruesome imagery ever since the 1800s. This genre has flourished from one generation to another into many other sub-genres including the Southern Gothic. With â€Å"Tell Tale Heart† Edgar Allen Poe out does himself with his incredibly brutal descriptions as seen in the quote above. In an ongoing battle of self versus alter ego, the narrator confesses a love for an old man who he then violently murders and dismembersRead MoreSouthern Gothic Style in Flannery O’Connor’s A Good Man is Hard to Find1478 Words   |  6 Pagesliterature refers to written or literary work produced in the area of the United States and Colonial America. It has many forms and different kinds of authors within its genre. One American author, Flannery OConnor, is known for her Southern Gothic style of writing. In her short story, A Good Man is Hard to Find OConnor uses the Southern Gothic style, brought on by her background, to establi sh various ties between the characters and their actions. Flannery OConnor was born in Savannah, GeorgiaRead MoreA Rose For Emily By William Faulkner976 Words   |  4 PagesThe way that â€Å"A Rose for Emily† fits into the genre of Southern Gothic literature is obvious in the mood of the story. The mood of this story has a rather volatile, grim setting with the house that is deteriorating and the festering body. This exhibits the struggle that the character Miss Emily is facing against a society that is rather oppressive. From staying the same for years, to avoiding modern amenities, Miss Emily could be assumed to represent tradition. The story even states, â€Å"Miss EmilyRead MoreCompare And Contrast A Rose For Emily And Southern Gothic1629 Words   |  7 Pages Southern Gothic literature is a sub-genre of the Gothic writing style. It is unique to Southern America. Southern gothic style is a style of writing that engages very ugly and ironic events to study the value of the American south and its people. In this essay, I’m going to go over each story and give some details about the authors and their backgrounds. On one page, I will be comparing and contrasting all three stories. I will show how they’re similar through tone, plot, and scene in the storyRead MoreThe Cask Of Amontillado, By Edgar Allan Poe Essay1144 Words   |  5 PagesThe Antagonists in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† and â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find† In â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado† by Edgar Allan Poe and in â€Å"A Good Man Is Hard to Find,† by Flannery O’Connor, the two central figures that drive the plot, and add the most cohesion to their respective stories are Montresor and The Misfit. Poe and O’Connor knew the importance of catching and maintaining the reader’s attention, so they did so through crafting the perfect flawed villains. Without these similar yet inherently

Living An Authentic Christian Life - 1006 Words

The term Christian, literally meaning little Christ, should clearly express to every believer their ultimate goal. Everything a believer says, does and strives for should be unmistakably in line with the words, actions and goals of Jesus, as they daily strive to become more and more like Him. In order for this to happen there are two detrimental aspects that need to be considered. Character and service are two key ingredients in the life of one alive in Christ that go hand in hand as described in Romans 12. The believer’s new identity needs to continually transform their character to that of Christ, and their actions must identify them as servants of the King. I. Christian Character Theological Definition The character of a Christian†¦show more content†¦It is only by the salvation of Jesus and faith in Him that one can come to see these truths. It is only by the revelation of God’s Word that one can come to understand these truths. And it is only by the power of the Holy Spirit that we can come to live by these truths (John 16:13). Practical Application Authentic Christian character is shaped when one aligns their will with the will of God. The application of this comes from the directive of Romans 12:1,2 â€Å"I beseech you therefore, brethren, by the mercies of God, that you present your bodies a living sacrifice, holy, acceptable to God, which is your reasonable service. And do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your mind, that you may prove what is that good and acceptable and perfect will of God.† When we dissect this we can see three the key points. First, it is God who initiates the action with His character of mercy. Second, the Christian is called to reflect the sacrificing character of their Savior by committing their whole being in as a living sacrifice to the will of God and for his service. Finally, the believer is reminded that they are to walk in such a way that is different from the world in which they live. They are to continually renew their mind with regular and dilig ent study of God’s Word. 2 II. Christian Service Theological Definition AShow MoreRelatedThe Birth Of The Monastic Movement Affect Augustine s Thinking About Marriage1020 Words   |  5 Pageswrites the confessions †¢ Monica- Augustine’s mother and a devoted Christian †¢ Adeodatus- He was a â€Å"gift from God† and was very unhappy when he lost his partner after 13 years †¢ Manicheism- a new religion, Augustine became part of this religion when he was about 20 years old. †¢ Elect- Special people were vegetarians and are certain fruits and vegetables. †¢ Hearers- People that were forbidden from the Elects. †¢ Ambrose of Milan- a Christian bishop and also a provincial governor. †¢ Donatists- were theRead MoreThe Response Of Prejudice And Terror947 Words   |  4 Pagesinitially is what starts this humanist response, where other individuals may follow by example. While interpreting the work of Sà ¸ren Kierkegaard, existentialist philosopher Jean-Paul Sartre came to the conclusion that the way to have an authentic experience in life, an individual must make decisions for themselves without the input of pressures by others [2]. During the Nazi occupation of Paris, Sartre believed people had one of two philosophical options, the existentialist options of making the decisionRead MoreMethods of Evangelism1560 Words   |  7 PagesAmen.† There are many methods of evangelism for the believer to use in sharing the Good News of Jesus Christ. These methods were developed to help the believers that find sharing difficult. Dr, Ben Gutierrez writes, â€Å"Nothing will instill a doctrine, life-lesson, principle or skill into a person’s mind more than having to teach it to someone else.† This thought, coupled with the principle of repetition, will allow the believer to become an effective evangelist. Part ONE - Evangelistic Method #1 - OneRead MoreEssay about Christian Tradition: THe Importance of Baptism789 Words   |  4 PagesIn a contemporary Christian environment one of the most prominent practices to have a significant contribution to Christianity as a living religious tradition is Baptism. Baptism is of utmost importance for most Christian denominations. It has profound significance for the individual who is baptised and is also important for the Christian community as a whole. As a sacrament of initiation, Baptism calls its adherents to become missionary Disciples of Christ. It is through baptism that one’s faithRead MoreMethods of Evangelism1020 Words   |  5 Pagesexplaining salvation, it is literally using Scripture in sharing the faith. Disadvantages of Using This Method – One disadvantage is the fact that all of the sources in this method are Scripture. While this is a great thing in reality, for a non-Christian who does not assume the Bible to be God’s word, it can come across as less credible from his/her perspective. The Romans Road method is a path to salvation and clearly uses Scripture as support and sources. This method has the potential of leadingRead MoreThe Christian Life896 Words   |  4 PagesThe Christian life is a discussion that the details of its description such as the definition, ground and power are not easy to explain. The scriptures paint a vast web of each author’s ideals on what the Christian life should be. For example, in I Corinthians 6: 1-8 we see Paul referring to the different standards that must prevail in the Christian community and then in Ephesians we see the distinction of Christians from the nations. (Hessert, 16) Every Christian has this picture of what living theRead MoreAnalyzing The Passages, That The Apostle John1290 Words   |  6 PagesApostle John, in his letter to the churches in Asia Minor, communicated vital assurances of authentic faith in Jesus Christ. By understanding John’s encouragement then, believers can contemplate their own comfort and confidence provided through faith in Christ today. I. Introduction II. Context of First Epistle of John a. Historical b. Literary III. Assurance in Eternal Life (1 John 5:13-21) a. In Eternal Life (v. 13) b. In Prayer (vv. 14-17) c. In Victory over sin and Satan (v. 18) d. As Children ofRead MoreContemporary Perspectives On Human Sexuality Essay1334 Words   |  6 Pagesdefinition of authentic sexuality is viewed in several ways through a spectrum that includes theological perspective and contemporary society’s perspective. These perspective have affected one’s current perspective and beliefs that are perverted. It has veered from God’s original intention on authentic human sexuality, which is described in several books of the Bible. Since there is a difference in understanding and view on human sexuality, it has affected one’s daily life, and especially Christian professionalsRead MoreThe Between Science And Metaphysical Frameworks1568 Words   |  7 Pages Many have often pondered the question â€Å"what is the meaning of life?† and still many more have established the belief that the answer to that question is to serve a higher power who admonishes our moral and ethical duties. The concern about a divine framework and the so-called â€Å"grand scheme† within it, is a fruitless tree of thought, made important only by those who seek to instill false hope and ultimately stoke the fires of fear through their pontification. It is a metaphysical rockingRead MoreTheme Of Paganism In Beowulf1179 Words   |  5 Pagesbeen composed in the native language as spoken during the Anglo-Saxon reign in England, preceding the Norman Conquest. Beowulf is regarded as a classic tale which relates the defeat of evil and triumph of good. The poem is divided into three acts. Christian and Pagan Influences in Beowulf: The Pagan deities, rituals as well as pagan ideas influenced Beowulf, when it was being created, though the passing down of the epic narrative in verbal form, the Christianity age would provide a residual effect

A case study of a dying monopoly Free Essays

Abstract Gazprom is an international powerhouse long credited with maintaining a Russian monopoly in the energy sector. This essay examines the impact of modern economics on the once mighty business in order to assess their future potential. Examining the inception, modern operation and potential for the Gazprom monopoly will benefit the effort to chart a successful business strategy going into the next era. We will write a custom essay sample on A case study of a dying monopoly or any similar topic only for you Order Now The evidence presented demonstrates that Gazprom is experiencing issues on multiple fronts, causing a significant reduction in revenue and influence. This study will be of value to any future assessment of the mega energy companies and their efforts to sustain market share in the modern market. 1. Introduction Gazprom, a mega energy company created during the Soviet era, long credited with conducting a Russian monopoly has begun to see support diminish (Lunden, Fjaerfoft, Overland, Prachakova 2013). This essay will examine the impact of the company’s current operations on their perceived monopoly in the international market. Beginning with a brief overview of past practice, this essay will establish a foundation for Gazprom operations. Next will be an analysis of modern day policy and influences that have served to impact the Gazprom market presence. Combining the first sections of this essay will enable a credible assessment as to the current condition of Gazprom as well as their position in the evolving market. In the end, this essay will examine past practice, modern policy and future potential with the stated goal of accurately predicting Gazprom’s path. 2. Past Practice Gazprom became an official entity in 1989 during the Soviet Era, taking elements from the state run Ministry of Gas in order to form the State Gas Concern Gazprom (Kupchinsky 2013). Under the leadership of Viktor Chernomyrdin, the creation was still strictly controlled by the Soviet State machine. During the early nineteen ninties this company was transformed into the RAO Gazprom and then later in 1998 became the OAO Gazprom (Ibid). The Russian state is the owner of fifty one per cent of the stocks and holds sway over the policies and direction of the company, strictly controlling the direction of development. The largest Russian production of gas, Gazprom owns and operates the entirety of the Russian gas-pipeline infrastructure (Kupchinsky 2013). This allows the company to exert a tremendous amount of influence on every level of the supply partnership, both upstream and downstream. The operation of such a scope of control over one industry, by one company is not conducive to conti nued growth (Tsygankova 2012). To this end, there is mandatory Russian stipulations that force Gazprom to share their pipline with other providers, in an attempt to provide a balanced and inclusive business format. Studies suggest that this practice of resource sharing is heavily dominated by the Gazprom Company denying many legitimate requests (Kupchinsky 2013). This argument highlights the difficulty internal competition has faced in the Gazprom monopoly. The unrestricted use of resources allowed Gazprom to leverage their initial state sanctioned domination of the regional oil industry into a full-fledged monopoly following the transition to the Russian state (Kupchinsky 2013). The Kremlin disputes the existence of a monopoly and it is common for the government to make use of Gazprom as a weapon of sorts (Macey 2013). This fact has spawned the modern opposition to any benefit to the company. The combination of political leverage, infrastructure control and raw power has allowed the company to monopolize the Russian Market (Tsygankova 2012). The continued operation of this monopoly has been a benefit as a stabilizing force in Russian development (Macey 2013). Others argue that this single power has inhibited true development and has instead crippled the entire regional industry (Kupchinsky 2013). 3. Modern Environment Tucker (2013) argues that the emergence of unconventional energy sources is weakening the hold that Gazprom has had over their traditional consumers. This view illustrates the move away from the few energy mega suppliers, towards a more regionally sufficient international world. Others cite the lack of adaptability in the decline of Gazprom’s market presence (Krauthamer, Caloianu, Tsintsadze and Boissevain 2012). This speaks more to the out dated mode of management and innovation as factors for the weakness perceived in the modern Gazprom establishment. Areas such as Shale Gas are increasing the capacity of countries including China and the United States to offset the power of the Russian company (Cohen 2012). The increase in alternatives hastens the break up in the Gazprom monopoly in a very real manner. Others give Gazprom the opportunity to avail themselves of emerging technology to extend their current position in the market (Krauthamer et al 2012). Competition both at home and abroad are another factor that is causing Gazprom to be perceived as weak (Locatelli 2013). The basic competitive nature of the Russian economy has emerged as regional competitors appear, taking critical consumer resources away from Gazprom. However, others cite the political needs of the government to encourage innovation, as the primary reason behind Gazproms decline (Ibid). An example of the regional issues is illustrated in the fact that rival Russian gas producers have begun to actively take market share away from Gazprom (Lunden, Fjaertoft, Overland and Prachakova 2013). Unheard of less than a decade ago, this action from within Russia is a symptom of the decay of the Gazprom model. International issues are credited with further weakening the company assets in the form of antitrust suits brought by the European Commission (Kupchinsky 2013). With active legal ramifications, the day to day business has been adversely impacted, making the necessary ad aptations to the international market hard to maintain. A conclusion of guilt in the antitrust case would bring about a serious change to the entire European Union’s competitive marketplace, further fracturing the Gazprom monopoly (Sartori 2012). Swinn (2013) argues that the primary attacks on the Gazprom monopoly are due to the recognition of alternatives to producing profit in the energy sector. The need to increase the amount of revenue in the region is said to require a recalibration of former institutions. Others cite politics as the element that is considered a primary component of the dissolution of Gazprom (Shadrina and Bradshaw 2013). In a further blow to the once iron clad Gazprom monopoly the Russian government has reached out to other nations in order to enhance energy cooperation which in turn is aimed at improving and reducing cost. Alongside these external political concerns, still others argue that it is the current trend of institutional reform inside of Russia that is Gazprom’s largest antagonist (Belyi 2103). In every case, it the consensus that change and transition is needed in order to meet the requirements of the next generation. 4. Future Implications The overall position of perceived deterioration within the Gazprom model is evident from the emerging pattern of regulatory, consumer, market and regional competition (Adam and Alexander 2013). Many separate issues confront the company, with a majority of the evidence seeking the fundamental dissolution of the Gazprom entity. There is no single factor that can be credited with weakening the company to the state that it is currently (Anni 2013). It is the combination of multiple factors that range from internal regional concerns, to widespread technological advances that are serving to outdate their current business model. 5. Conclusion Mega energy concerns are swiftly becoming icons of a past age. Gazprom, once a state run entity turned international powerhouse has been impacted by the evolution of technology and lack of internal adaptation. Despite their well-developed supply chain, both upstream and downstream, the inability to adapt to the needs of the modern market are allowing competitors to close the distance between them. Factors that include new forms of energy that Gazprom is unprepared to dominate, to political change, to emerging internal and external competitors that are actively undermining their market share have eroded the perceived invulnerable monopoly once held by the company. In the end, as with all things, the market is calling for a transition to a more efficient business model in order to sustain operations. As Gazprom is demonstrating, the decline of mega monopolies allows competitors the potential to guide the next generation of Russian energy. 4. References Belyi, A. 2013. Institutional trends in Russia’s oil and gas sectors. The Journal of World Energy Law Business, 6 (3), pp. 163–178. Bos, M. 2012. GAZPROM: RUSSIA’S NATIONALIZED POLITICAL WEAPON AND THE IMPLICATIONS FOR THE EUROPEAN UNION. Cardais, S., Silady, A. and Er. 2013. Around the Bloc: EU Goes After Gazprom, Bailout Looms Amid Slovenian Political Row. Transitions Online, (10/08). Cohen, A. 2012. The Rise of Shale Gas and LNG and its Impact on Europe and Russia. 7 p. 2012. Krauthamer, K., Caloianu, I., Tsintsadze, N. and Boissevain, J. 2012. Around the Bloc: Ukraine Opposition Flexes Muscles, Putin Unveils Friendly Human Rights Council. Transitions Online, (11/20). Kupchinsky, R. 2013. Russia: Gazprom — A troubled Giant. Radio Free Europe, 11 (1), pp. 1-3. Locatelli, C. 2013. The Russian gas industry: challenges to the’Gazprom model’. Lunden, L., Fjaertoft, D., Overl and Prachakova, A. 2013. Gazprom vs. other Russian gas producers: The evolution of the Russian gas sector. Energy Policy, 61 pp. 663–670. ROe, A. 2013. European Commission’ s Antitrust Investigation against Gazprom-Implications for the Energy Security of Russia and the European Union. Sartori, N. 2013. The European Commission vs. Gazprom: An Issue of Fair Competition or a Foreign Policy Quarrel?. Shadrina, E. and Bradshaw, M. 2013. Russia’s energy governance transitions and implications for enhanced cooperation with China, Japan, and South Korea. Post-Soviet Affairs, (ahead-of-print), pp. 1–39. Swinn, E. 2013. POLITICS OR PROFITSGAZPROM, THE KREMLIN, AND RUSSIAN ENERGY POLICY. Tsygankova, M. 2012. An evaluation of alternative scenarios for the Gazprom monopoly of Russian gas exports. Energy Economics, 34 (1), pp. 153–161. Tucker, A. 2012. The New Power Map. Foreign Affairs, 19. Zhavoronkov, S. 2013. The Political and Economic Results of February 2013. Journal of Russian Economic Developments, (3), pp. 5–8. How to cite A case study of a dying monopoly, Free Case study samples

Cordillera Administrative Region free essay sample

It requested for the withdrawal of the CRC license but the government instead accused the tribes and UCC subversives and the government also increased mllltary. presence in the area. 1979 March 30-31 The third Inter-tribe meeting was held at Bangilo, Malibcong, Abra to discuss solid nity in protecting valued peace pact and cooperation which affect us. This was sabotaged by the governor through the mayor who invited the members of the tribe to a seminar in Bangued,. Abra, with the hidden purpose orgnizing them to counter UCC. The UCC was short-lived because of the harassment and arrest of Its leaders and supporters by the military. A number of Tinguians Joined the NPA including Fr. Balweg. : Isnag (Ymandaya, Imallod and Dibagat-Kabugao), Ilocano, Tagalog, English Apayao was among the earliest areas penetrated by the Spaniards in the Cordilleras, he region, inhabited by the Isneg tribe, remained largely outside Spanish control until late in the 19thcentury. The Cordillera region is very rich in natural resources. It is especially famed for its huge gold deposits, pure stands of pine forest, and rich soils and water sources that have enabled its people to sustain agriculture on mountainside rice terraces. Mineral resources; forest resources; rivers and water resources; soils and agriculture The Cordillera is more heavily populated compared to the other mountainous areas of the Philippines. Based on the year 2000 census, its six provinces and one city has a total population of more than 1,365,000 people. As in the rest of the country, the great majority of the regions population are peasants engaged in farming and other small-scale production and side occupations. The next biggest sector is composed of formal wage workers and informal odd-job workers in non-farm occupations. There is also a sizeable number of students, salaried employees, and professionals in the few urban and town centers. Indigenous peoples A big bulk of the Cordillera population is composed of closely-related indigenous peoples. Collectively, our peoples are popularly known as Igorot. Often we are also grouped into a number of ethnic or ethno-linguistic identities, such as Apayao or Isneg, Tinggian, Kalinga, Bontoc, Kankanaey, Ibaloy, Ifugao, and Bago. These groupings, while convenient, do not fully reflect the real particularities and the extent of diversity among the regions peoples. In fact, most of us indigenous peoples identify ourselves primarily with specific communties called ili (literally, home village, hometown, or home territory). Each ili is a self-identifying community with a specific territory, which is its ancestral land. While there are diverse types, an ili usually consists of a closely-knit cluster of villages, or a core village and its outlying hamlets, whithin a more or less defined territory. A mix of indigenous, non-indigenous, and migrant peoples Bigger and more diverse populations are found in Cordilleras melting pot areas, such as those in urban (or rapidly urbanizing) Baguio-Benguet and in the foothills and valleys adjoining the great lowlands of Luzon. On the other hand, millions of peasants and workers, even the middle class, are marginalized and exploited while the nation reels from one crisis to another. National oppression As indigenous peoples, we additionally suffer a distinct problem of national oppression and ethnocide at the hands of foreign colonial powers in earlier times, and presently by the present Philippine state and its foreign masters. Our people have been forcibly integrated into the dominant social system and prevented from seeking our own way to development. At the same time, the system subjects us to various kinds of discrimination and nequalities. As a violation to our inherent right to self-determination, ethnocide and national oppression as directed against our peoples have the following forms and manifestations: †¢ State denial and non-recognition of our rights of collective ownership, priority use and management